You’ve likely read about these being stolen from unlucky owners before, but might not know exactly what job the catalytic converter does behind the scenes.
Simply put, cars generate emissions when they’re running and contribute to air pollution. This is a problem for obvious reasons, taking its toll on the environment. The catalytic converter is an essential emission control device which allows your vehicle to operate within the environmental laws of local governments.
Omni-present across the spectrum of petrol and diesel cars available, they are as important to a performance vehicle as they are to any domestic car. And unless your ride is fully electric, a component you will always need to consider. A replacement catalytic converter can cost anywhere between £150 and £800, and upwards of £1,000 for supercars. The Ferrari F430 and Lamborghini Aventador for example, have some of the most expensive ‘cats’ on market with variable prices north of $3,000 not uncommon.
This guide will clue you up with all you need to know, including the reason why they’re such a sought after target for thieves.
What is a Catalytic Converter?
A catalytic converter is a device that collects your car’s harmful exhaust gases and converts them into less toxic compounds. The converter then releases the converted gas into the atmosphere.
Manufacturers place catalytic converters as close to the engine as possible, as the device requires a high temperature (400°C) to work effectively.
Where is a catalytic converter located? They’re usually placed in the exhaust underneath the car, between the muffler and the engine.
Why are Catalytic Converters Important?
Catalytic converters transform over 90% of your motor’s harmful emissions. Some of these toxic gases include nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. The device cleverly converts these problematic compounds into water vapour, nitrogen, and (the less harmful) carbon dioxide.
The overriding purpose of the catalytic converter is to drastically reduce the damaging effects of carbon emissions and help our cars operate in a more environmentally-friendly way.
What Does a Catalytic Converter Do?
Catalytic converters work alongside your car’s Powertrain Control Module and other emissions-related devices. The on-board diagnostics (OBDII) then monitors these devices and makes changes according to the operating conditions.
However, catalytic converters can’t work alone. The device relies on other parts to perform well, including a leak-free exhaust system. When actuators or sensors malfunction, it can lead to issues or damage to the catalyst. Inconsistencies between engine cylinders and damaged engine components might also lower a converter’s efficiency.
Components of The Catalytic Converter
The catalytic converter has a stainless steel body that’s made to be durable and last for a long time. Due to the ribbed body, it forms pockets that prevent exhaust gases from directly hitting the cushioning mat.
The proprietary mix of the washcoat and precious metals rests on the monolithic free-flowing substrate. This structure is the layer where the conversion takes place. The coatings are made to be durable to high temperatures and compatible with the OBDII system.
The catalyst cushioning mat cushions the substrate. It holds the ceramic catalyst and ensures it aligns well as it accommodates the thermal expansion of the body. Meanwhile, the head shields protect the vehicle’s undercarriage from the heat of the converter’s chemical reactions.
As the catalytic converter must be able to monitor oxygen levels, the device has O2 sensor ports. They monitor the exhaust gas’s oxygen levels and evaluate the converter’s status. The data they produce then merges with the information from the mass air flow, engine sensors, and MAP, so the PCM can adjust fuel controls.
How Catalytic Converters Work
As the catalytic converter heats up, exhaust gases pass through the device. The metal catalysts on the converter will separate the molecules in the gas into oxygen and nitrogen. The oxygen then passes through as a non-harmful emission, while the nitrogen will stay within the converter.
The device then reduces unburned carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons through an oxidising process using the metal catalyst. Not only does it reduce the amount of harmful emissions that your car generates, but it’ll also help your car perform more efficiently.
Signs of a Catalytic Converter Issue
You can judge your catalytic converter’s condition through your car’s performance. You might want to check your vehicle out when you feel like your car’s acceleration is poorer, or your engine feels more sluggish than before. If your catalytic converter is already falling, you’ll notice a sulphur smell coming from your exhaust and dark smoke.
Other damaged parts of your supercar can have a knock-on effect on your converter’s performance. For instance, failed oxygen sensors or misfiring spark original parts can cause your converter to overheat. Contaminants in the fuel or leaded fuel can potentially destroy your catalyst’s important metals. If your engine coolant leaks into the combustion system due to a faulty cylinder head gasket, it can clog the converter. As a general rule of thumb, if you notice any leaks, you must immediately check your car. They can be fatal to the converter and other features.
Aftermarket Catalytic Converters
While it’s important to keep an eye on the health of your original cats, there are aftermarket options available which can provide benefits such as increased power and enhanced sound from the supercar.
There are two types of aftermarket catalytic converters on the market from brands such as Novitec, Capristo, Kline Innovation and others which can provide benefits to your supercar experience. These are Cat Replacement Pipes or ‘De-Cats’ and Sport Cats.
Cat Replacement Pipes:
- Cat replacement pipes, also known as decat pipes, are designed to replace the stock catalytic converters in an exhaust system.
- The primary purpose of cat replacement pipes is to improve exhaust flow by eliminating the restrictive nature of traditional catalytic converters.
- By removing the catalytic converters, these pipes can potentially increase horsepower and torque, as well as enhance the overall exhaust note.
Sport Catalytic Converters (Sport Cats):
- Sport catalytic converters are an alternative to traditional catalytic converters that are designed to offer improved performance without completely eliminating emissions control.
- These units aim to provide better exhaust flow while still meeting emissions standards. They use high-flow catalysts to achieve this balance.
- Sport cats are often chosen by enthusiasts who want to enhance performance while remaining compliant with environmental regulations.
- They normally come in different levels 100-cell, 200-cell, and 250-cell for example with the lower the cell rate the louder and closer to a ‘De-Cat’ or ‘Cat Replacement’ pipe in a volume increase.
Catalytic Converter Theft
We know that thieves relish the opportunity to get their hands on catalytic converters – motors with original parts often being the target, as they can be sold at a higher value.
One of the reasons you’ve been hearing more about this is due to the metal components of the converters, which have been inflating in price significantly since 2020. Palladium, rhodium, and platinum costs all rose after several mines shut down. This has decreased supply globally and greatly enhanced the seller’s market.
It might sound complicated to steal a catalytic converter, but thieves can work fast. They’ll jack up the car and use a battery-powered angle grinder. They then use the grinder to cut the ends of the exhaust pipes connected to the converter and the sensor wires around it.
It should be apparent to you if someone has meddled with your car. When your catalytic converter has been stolen, you’ll first notice the sound of your engine. It will sound rougher than usual, almost like a tractor, and some models will show a warning light.
Among the luxury car options, Land Rover, Ferrari, and Aston Martin cars are the most heavily targeted. These brands’ catalytic converter prices can be eye-wateringly high, especially when sold on the black market.
So, if you’re lucky enough to own a supercar, make sure you take precautions.
Protecting Your Catalytic Converter
Unfortunately, any time your vehicle is parked in public, you’re at some level of risk. Even if CCTV surrounds a car-park, you would be clever not to become complacent. You can take some more safety measures to protect your catalytic converter from criminals by following the tips we’ve listed below.
Avoid Parking In The Same Spot Daily
If you regularly go to the same public space daily, avoid parking in the same spot. Thieves aiming to steal a catalytic converter tend to mark unattended cars. Parking your vehicle in the same place regularly can make it easier for them to target you.
Get an Anti-Theft Kit
Anti-theft devices are a worthwhile investment that can make it harder for thieves to remove your catalytic converters. Some brands have developed a specific device that’ll fit your car model to secure the converter.
Check That It Is Bolted On
You can also check if your converter is bolted on and ask for a mechanic to weld the bolts.
Watermarking
Ask a garage to watermark the device. By etching a watermark, you can quickly trace it once the converters are stolen. Some brands offer a catalytic converter theft prevention programme with invisible etching.
What To Do If Someone Stole Your Catalytic Converter
As soon as you notice that your car is acting strange, get it checked. When you’re sure that your catalytic converter is missing, contact the police. After you report the theft, call your car insurance company. After registering your missing device to the police, you’ll receive a crime reference number. Give the number to your insurer. Car owners with comprehensive insurance will usually have stolen converters covered.
We don’t recommend using your car if the catalytic converter is missing. It might not affect your car’s performance much, but your car’s emissions level will be beyond the legal limit. Get a replacement as soon as possible before you get your vehicle back on the road.
Keeping catalytic converters secured and addressing any issues quickly can help keep your vehicle safe and cause less strain on the environment. If you’re in the market for a catalytic converter replacement, browse our catalogue of original and aftermarket options.
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